/**
 *  written by Binoy Barman .
**/

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define nl '\n'
#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()
#define Too_Many_Jobs int tts, tc = 1; cin >> tts; hell: while(tts--)
#define Dark_Lord_Binoy ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL);

#ifdef LOCAL
#include "unravel.hpp"
#else
#define dbg(...) 42
#endif
#define ll long long

int32_t main() {
Dark_Lord_Binoy
#ifdef LOCAL
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
    freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif
    Too_Many_Jobs {
        ll a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        ll cnt = 0;
        while(a * 2LL <= b) {
            cnt++;
            a *= 2LL;
        }
        cout << cnt + (b - a) << nl;
    }

    return 0;
}