#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

    int x = 0, t;

    scanf("%d", &t);

    while(x < t){
        int n;

        scanf("%d", &n);

        char p[n];
        scanf("%s", &p);
        int count = 0;


        if (n < 2){
            printf("0\n");
            goto Down;
        }
        if(n > 1){
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
                for (int j = i+1; j < n ; j++){
                    if(p[i] == p[j]){
                        count++;
                    }

                }
            }
        }


        printf("%d\n", count*2);
        Down:
        x++;
    }

    return 0;
}