#include<bits/stdc++.h>
//#include<ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
//#include<ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>

//using namespace __gnu_pbds;
using namespace std;

typedef long long int ll ;
//typedef __int128 lll;
#define pb push_back
#define pinf   2e18
#define ninf   -2e18
#define PI    acos(-1.0)
#define endl  "\n"
#define F first
#define S second

//template <typename T> using o_set = tree<T, null_type, less<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;

ll gcd (ll a,ll b) {
    if(a%b==0)return b;
    return gcd(b,a%b);
}

int main()
{
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);
    cout.tie(NULL);
    //inout() ;

    ll t,i,j ;
    cin>>t ;
    while(t--) {
        ll a,b,n;
        cin>>a>>b;
        ll mn=min(a,b);
        ll mx=abs (a-b);
        ll ans=(mn *(mn-1));
        ans= ans + (mn* mx);
        
        cout<<ans<<'\n';





    }
    return 0 ;
}