#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);

    int T;
    cin >> T;

    while (T--) {
        long long N, K;
        cin >> N >> K;

        
        long long baseValue = K / N;
        long long Y = 1;

        
        while (Y <= baseValue) {
            Y <<= 1;
        }
        Y >>= 1;

        
        long long X = K - (baseValue * N);

        
        long long result = X * Y;
        cout << result << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}