#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include<ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include<ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
using namespace std;

#ifdef velox
#include "debug.h"
#else
#define debug(x...)
#endif

#define srt(v) sort(v.begin(),v.end())
#define grtsrt(v) sort(v.begin(),v.end(),greater<ll>())
#define unq(v) v.erase(unique(v.begin(),v.end()),v.end())
#define rev(v) reverse(v.begin(),v.end())
#define set_bits(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
#define fst_zero(x) 63-__builtin_ctzll(x)
#define lst_zero(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
#define gcd(x,y) __gcd(x,y)
#define lcm(x,y) ((x/gcd(x,y))*y)
#define YES cout << "YES" << endl
#define NO cout << "NO" << endl
#define ll long long
#define pb push_back
#define endl '\n'
#define fx(x) fixed<<setprecision(x)
template <typename T> using pbds = tree<T, null_type, less<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
const ll MOD = 1e9+7;

void error_txt(){
    #ifdef velox
    freopen("error.txt","w",stderr);
    #endif
}



void solve(){
    ll a,b; cin >> a >> b;
    ll ab=max(a,b)-min(a,b);

    ll get=ab;
    get*=min(a,b);

    ll ans=get;
    debug(get);
    ans+=min(a,b)*(min(a,b)-1);
    debug(min(a,b)*(min(a,b)-1));
    
    cout << ans << endl;
}

int main(){
    // error_txt();
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0);
    ll t=1;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--) solve();
    return 0;
}