#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define fast ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
#define dbg(a,b,c,d) cerr<<a<<"  "<<b<<"  "<<c<<"  "<<d<<endl;
#define kill(a) {cout<<a<<endl;continue;}
#define KILL(a) {cout<<a<<endl;return 0;}
#define debug cerr<<"Error Found"<<endl;
#define mem(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define lcm(a, b) (a/__gcd(a,b))*b
#define w(t) cin>>t;while(t--)
#define pi  2 * acos(0.0)
#define endl "\n"
int t, cs = 0;
const int mxn = 2e5 + 3, mod = 1e9 + 7;

int32_t main()
{
   w(t)
   {
       int n;
       cin >> n;
       string s;
       cin >> s;
       map<int,int>mp;
       for(auto i:s)mp[i - 'a']++;
       int64_t ans = 0;
       for(auto i:mp)
       {
           int a = i.second;
           int64_t add = 1LL * i.second * (i.second - 1);
           ans += add;
       }

       cout << ans << endl;
   }
}